The corn steep liquor, a plentiful watery byproduct of maize wet milling process, is widely used in the biochemical industry and research as a culture medium to grow many kinds of microorganisms. [150] Mark Clayton (January 28, 2008). "Christian Science Monitor". Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved October 6, 2014. Grotewold, Erich; Drummond, Bruce J.; Bowen, Ben; Peterson, Thomas (1994). "The myb-homologous P gene controls phlobaphene pigmentation in maize floral organs by directly activating a flavonoid biosynthetic gene subset". Cell. 76 (3): 543–53. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90117-1. PMID 8313474. S2CID 42197232.

Starch from maize can also be made into plastics, fabrics, adhesives, and many other chemical products. [ citation needed]Dong, X; Braun, EL; Grotewold, E (2001). "Functional conservation of plant secondary metabolic enzymes revealed by complementation of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants with maize genes". Plant Physiology. 127 (1): 46–57. doi: 10.1104/pp.127.1.46. PMC 117961. PMID 11553733. During the first millennium AD, maize cultivation spread more widely in the areas north. In particular, the large-scale adoption of maize agriculture and consumption in eastern North America took place about A.D. 900. Native Americans cleared large forest and grassland areas for the new crop. [119] The origins of maize: the puzzle of pellagra". EUFIC > Nutrition > Understanding Food. The European Food Information Council. December 2001. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006 . Retrieved September 14, 2006. Cooking reduction =% Maximum typical reduction in nutrients due to boiling without draining for ovo-lacto-vegetables group [166] [167]

The price of food is affected to a certain degree by the use of maize for biofuel production. The cost of transportation, production, and marketing are a large portion (80%) of the price of food in the United States. Higher energy costs affect these costs, especially transportation. The increase in food prices the consumer has been seeing is mainly due to the higher energy cost. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Use of maize for biofuel production increases the demand, and therefore price of maize. This, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted from other food crops to maize production. This reduces the supply of the other food crops and increases their prices. [154] [155] Farm-based maize silage digester located near Neumünster in Germany, 2007. The green tarpaulin top cover is held up by the biogas stored in the digester. The estimated corn usage for crop year September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, was 38.7 percent was used for feed, 34 percent for ethanol, 17.5 percent for export, and 9.8 percent for food. [134] Trade Dolores Piperno, The Origins of Plant Cultivation and Domestication in the New World Tropics: Patterns, Process, and New Developments [14] a b Pérez, Alberto E.; Erra, Georgina (2011). "Identificación de maiz de vasijas recuperadas de la Patagonia noroccidental argentina"[Identifying maize residues in pottery vessels in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina]. Magallania (in Spanish). 39 (2): 309–316. doi: 10.4067/S0718-22442011000200022.

Can it be Used in Place of Other Flours?

Doebley, John F. (2004). "The genetics of maize evolution" (PDF). Annual Review of Genetics. 38: 37–59. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.092425. PMID 15568971.