Rising from a closed-door session that lasted close to two hours to discuss, the letter written to the Senate by Tinubu on the decisions taken by the regional body, the Senate had asked ECOWAS to strengthen political and diplomatic options and other means to resolve the political compass in the Niger Republic. The Senate while condemning the Niger coup in totality had commended Tinubu and other Heads of State of the other States of ECOWAS for their prompt response and the positions taken on the unfortunate development in Niger Republic. A common misconception when it comes to protecting masonry surfaces is that you can seal the masonry before painting it. This in any case should not be done. If you want waterproofing protection but then to paint the surface, you must you a waterproof masonry paint. You cannot apply masonry cream or a masonry sealer underneath a masonry paint as it will simply repel this paint as it would with rainfall. If your masonry surfaces are chalky and in need of a treating before a paint can be applied, this can be done using a primer, otherwise known as a stabilising solution. The difference between a stabilising solution and a primer is that a primer will act as a stabilising solution, but a stabilising solution will not act as a primer. For that reason, if you need to seal off any masonry surface to allow you to paint it, simply apply a compatible primer. You should also make sure you’re applying it during dry weather as moisture in the air can make hamper the effectiveness of the stabiliser. Poirier et al. (2016) First-in-Human Study in Healthy Subjects with FR104, a Pegylated Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Antagonist of CD28. J Immunol DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1601538 Remove as much as the dust as you can with a dry brush and scraper and see how it looks. If the surface is fairly solid try priming it with a thinned coat of masonry paint. If that goes OK proceed with over-painting. If it’s still loose you may have to seal the areas affected with a stabilising solution – but only as a last resort.

Lignin based products are biopolymers derived from the lignin that naturally binds cellulose fibres giving trees their stiffness. It forms physical and chemical bonds with itself and with the soil particles, binding the road materials together. Lignin based products can be used for a variety of road materials but are most effective for soils containing up to 30 percent fines and a plasticity index greater than 8. Some studies have shown little to no improvement for soils with a high plasticity index (i.e., greater than 20). They do not work as well for sandy, permeable soils which allow rapid leaching of the product. For soils with high clay contents, the treated soil tends to remain slightly plastic. Friable surfaces are one such example. You can tell a surface is friable by rubbing it with your hand: if it rubs away, then that is a sign it might need stabilising solution. There are a number of scenarios that can dictate whether to use a priming layer or not. If The Masonry Is Sound Before applying the solution, it is best to sand the surface with abrading paper to get rid of excess dust or paint flakes from past paintwork.K. L. Pennington, T. Y. Chan, M. P. Torres and J. L. Andersen, Oncogene, 2018, 37, 5587–5604 CrossRef CAS. Olivares et al. (2014) Double Blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects of Bifido longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease. British Journal of Nutrition 112 (1); 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000609

The Bond-It Stabilising Solution is also a great, ready-to-use product that will make sure to prepare your walls for paintwork. This product is incredibly versatile, as it works on a variety of surfaces including concrete, cement, plaster, plasterboard, renders, pebble dash and MDF. Keep in mind to apply this product only in dry weather, above 5°C. It’s not just exterior masonry that can benefit from stabilising solution. Fortunately, there are options for interior surfaces too. Adhesion has been named as the second mechanism. The asphalt serves as a binder or cement to hold the aggregate particles to the surface. Thus, the cementing effect boosts cohesiveness to increase shear strength. Criteria for the design of bituminous stabilized soils and aggregates are based almost entirely on stability and gradation requirements. For asphalt stabilised mixtures, the freeze-thaw and wet-dry durability tests are not relevant. I have tried stabilising solution and PVA but the problem keeps recurring. Any suggestions to prevent this happening would be helpful.After the stabilised road is formed, it is important to allow time for drying and curing. The curing time depends on the type of additive being used and can be anything from a couple of days to a few weeks. 6. Wearing course Pipette into the blood collection tube the appropriate volume of TransFix at the ratio of 0.2ml TransFix per 1ml of blood. For TransFix Sample Storage Tubes, add 1ml blood to the tube. Note: Blood samples should be treated with TransFix immediately after collection, but failing this, blood must be less than 6 hours old when it is treated with TransFix. Do not refrigerate the sample before treatment with TransFix. Would you ever used a watered down first coat on areas of render that are dry and chalky so have been treated with stabilising solution? Barnett et al (1999). TransFix: A clinical sample stabilising fluid for use in clinical haematology and immunology. Cytometry 38: 88

Then compact with light vibration aiming to increase the maximum density of the soil for improved load-bearing capacity. Roller types include vibratory pad foot, a pneumatic compactor and tandem drum roller. Proper compaction is essential to achieve the required density and avoid saturated water content in the soil. Both increased density and decreased moisture content potentially increase strength. R. Rose, S. Erdmann, S. Bovens, A. Wolf, M. Rose, S. Hennig, H. Waldmann and C. Ottmann, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 4129–4132 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Soil stabilisation is the alteration of one or more soil properties, by mechanical or chemical means, to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. Stabilising soils during road construction can make the pavement more durable and resilient. Furthermore, it can stop erosion and dust production on the surface of the road. Monitoring CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets of HIV-infected individuals is performed routinely by flow cytometry. As the disease progresses, the number of CD4+ cells reduce, destroyed by CD8+ T cells. Ordinarily, specimens are processed within 36 hours to obtain reliable CD4+ T-cell absolute counts.

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A stabilising solution & a primer serve the same purpose meaning there is no need to apply both a stabilising solution & a primer. When To Use A Primer Or Stabilising Solution P. J. de Vink, S. A. Andrei, Y. Higuchi, C. Ottmann, L.-G. Milroy and L. Brunsveld, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 2869–2874 RSC.