Janeway's Immunobiology

Product Information

HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4 T cells, increased susceptibility to opportunistic infection, and eventually to death The peripheral lymphoid organs are specialized to trap antigen, to allow the initiation of adaptive immune responses, and to provide signals that sustain recirculating lymphocytes X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome is associated with fatal infection by Epstein-Barr virus and with the development of lymphomas

Several lymphocyte subpopulations and ‘natural antibodies’ behave like intermediates between adaptive and innate immunity T cells with different functions are distinguished by CD4 and CD8 cell-surface proteins and recognize peptides bound to different classes of MHC molecule

Contents

Sophisticated means of host defense were hard-wired in the genome by the time organisms diverged into plants and animals T cells are specialized to recognize foreign antigens as peptide fragments bound to proteins of the major histocompatibility complex T cells are needed to control intracellular pathogens and to activate B-cell responses to most antigens The induction of a tissue-specific response requires the presentation of antigen by antigen-presenting cells with co-stimulatory activity

Only thymocytes whose receptors can interact with self MHC:self peptide complexes can survive and mature The development and organization of peripheral lymphoid tissues is controlled by cytokines and chemokines Proliferating T cells differentiate into armed effector T cells that do not require co-stimulation to act The 9th edition also includes updates on recent developments in multiple immunology subfields. Notably, the section on innate immunity has added a discussion of immune effector modules, which are critical to understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal infection, and several other diseases. The section on therapeutics now contains a discussion of chimeric antigen receptors, an active and important area of cancer immunotherapy research. A particularly significant feature of this edition is an overhaul of the end-of-chapter questions and the addition of an instructors’ question bank. The 9th edition replaces the handful of often open-ended review questions at the end of each chapter with multiple-choice and true-false questions, providing an easier avenue for instructors to test the material.

Excerpt

Modulation of the immune system might be used to inhibit immunopathological responses to infectious agents Some peptides and lipids generated in the endocytic pathway can be bound by MHC class I-like molecules that are encoded outside the MHC The Fc receptors of accessory cells are signaling receptors specific for immunoglobulins of different isotypes Casey Weaver is the Wyatt and Susan Haskell Professor of Medical Excellence in the Department of Pathology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine. He received his MD degree from the University of Florida. His residency and post-doctoral training were completed at Barnes Hospital and Washington University in St. Louis. In immune individuals, secondary and subsequent responses are mediated solely by memory lymphocytes and not by naive lymphocytes

An important question is whether vaccination can be used therapeutically to control existing chronic infections The nonspecific responses of innate immunity are necessary for an adaptive immune response to be initiatedThe normal pathways for host defense against intracellular bacteria are illustrated by genetic deficiencies of IFN-γ and IL-12 and their receptors Natural killer cells are activated by interferons and macrophage-derived cytokines to serve as an early defense against certain intracellular infections Fully phosphorylated ITAMs bind the protein tyrosine kinases Syk and ZAP-70 and enable them to be activated Rearrangement at the immunoglobulin light-chain locus leads to cell-surface expression of the B-cell receptor This activity was later determined to be due to the proteins we now call antibodies, which bind specifically to the toxins and neutralize their activity.